Life on Mars [Archive]

colchar

10-10-2008, 05:34 AM

Will anyone be watching besides me?

I definitely won't be watching. The original British series was great. Absolutely brilliant. The American version is nothing but a cheap imitation and can't possibly measure up. Plus, I doubt a lot of the references will translate very well. And, from what I understand, they've already screwed with the original enough that it won't be the same.

The British sequel, Ashes to Ashes isn't as good as Life on Mars but is still head and shoulders above what I expect the American remake of Life on Mars will be.

This version could win 100 Emmys and I still wouldn't watch it - I'll take replays of the original on the BBC anytime.

colchar

10-10-2008, 05:35 AM

I watched. Interesting premise. Will be interesting to see where they go with it. The messages from the future via TV and Radio were a bit of a stretch.

You have to see the original British version to understand this.

elvis14

10-10-2008, 11:47 AM

You have to see the original British version to understand this.

I'll see if I can find it online. You can only tell so much from a pilot since they are trying to introduce you to people/places/etc while still trying to tell a viable story at the same time.

JasonEvans

10-12-2008, 10:00 AM

I have not seen the British version but I was pretty disappointed in the US version. The main character did not act in a logical or consistent way when he was in the past. I found the "voices" from the future strange and a bit hokey.

I also really wonder how the show will sustain itself over the long term. Either he is in the past to "do something" or his appearance in the 1970s has no purpose. If it is the former then we are fated to be constantly frustrated viewers as the show cannot have him accomplish his task or the show ends. If he is there for no reason at all then the show becomes nothing but a cop show set in the 1970s-- essentially a remake of Starsky and Hutch. Yawn.

I am quite skeptical that this thing can survive for very long. In some ways, that might be a good thing as they can just resolve it and end it and give us a satisfying conclusion. I think this show might have made a better mini-series than full show. I wish the networks would take a chance with something like that-- a series of 6-part mini-series mystery shows for example -- it could be fun though I understand why they shy away from it.

-Jason "someone give me my own network-- it's be awesome!" Evans

colchar

10-12-2008, 04:07 PM

I have not seen the British version but I was pretty disappointed in the US version. The main character did not act in a logical or consistent way when he was in the past. I found the "voices" from the future strange and a bit hokey.

I don't know how the American version will deal with the voices but the British version explains them as the show progresses. The American version has enough changes that I'm not sure how closely they'll follow along with that aspect but, if they remain true to the original, it will all come out in the end.

I also really wonder how the show will sustain itself over the long term. Either he is in the past to "do something"

He isn't there to "do something" (ie. he isn't there to alter the past or anything).

or his appearance in the 1970s has no purpose. If it is the former then we are fated to be constantly frustrated viewers as the show cannot have him accomplish his task or the show ends.

They left a bit of mystery as to why he was there in the British show and tied it up a little bit (sort of) in the sequel Ashes to Ashes.

If he is there for no reason at all then the show becomes nothing but a cop show set in the 1970s-- essentially a remake of Starsky and Hutch. Yawn.

It has nothing to do with being a remake of Starsky and Hutch. It is a remake of a British show that had absolutely nothing to do with Starsky and Hutch. The original has more to do with The Sweeney (loosely) than with Starsky and Hutch.

I am quite skeptical that this thing can survive for very long. In some ways, that might be a good thing as they can just resolve it and end it and give us a satisfying conclusion.

Why must there be a satisfying conclusion? There was some ambiguity left in the British version and that was a large part of its appeal. Not everything needs to be tied up into a nice neat bow.

I think this show might have made a better mini-series than full show. I wish the networks would take a chance with something like that-- a series of 6-part mini-series mystery shows for example -- it could be fun though I understand why they shy away from it.

The original, which ran for two series, totalled 16 episodes.

I should probably add that it seems like any conclusion won't be provided until the end of the sequel. Its first series has finished and it looks like there might be more things resolved in the second series. Then again, if they can convince Philip Glenister to do another sequel they might not resolve everything in the current sequel. If he isn't interested in doing another then they'll likely resolve a lot in the second series of Ashes to Ashes. And, if everything plays out as I expect it to (based on hints dropped in the two shows), it is highly likely that Sam Tyler won't be the important character (he isn't in the sequel) - another character will turn out to be the most important one.

BD80

10-12-2008, 09:17 PM

He isn't there to "do something" (ie. he isn't there to alter the past or anything).

In the US pilot it appears that he does change the future (the present?) by his actions in 1973. He saves his girlfriend by confronting in 1973 the kid who grows up to be the kidnapper/murderer who abducted her in 2008.

Harvey Keitel and Gretchen Moll are very good in their rolls, but I find the writing too preachy on chauvinism and police brutality. I'll watch because I like Sci Fi and find the portrayal of the 70's to be amusing.

colchar

10-13-2008, 12:44 AM

In the US pilot it appears that he does change the future (the present?) by his actions in 1973. He saves his girlfriend by confronting in 1973 the kid who grows up to be the kidnapper/murderer who abducted her in 2008.

I'd forgotten that he does do some things that affect/protect the future. What I meant was that there isn't some goal he has to accomplish and he isn't there to resolve a bunch of minor things like in Quantum Leap.

brevity

10-13-2008, 04:29 AM

I think this show might have made a better mini-series than full show. I wish the networks would take a chance with something like that-- a series of 6-part mini-series mystery shows for example -- it could be fun though I understand why they shy away from it.

You and me both. With the rise of the TV on DVD market, and seemingly instant syndication (newish Heroes on Sci-Fi, Desperate Housewives on Lifetime), there's no financial incentive to create a show that has to last 4-5 seasons anymore. It would be great to see a network greenlight a series that is only designed to last 1 or 2 seasons.

Threadjack potential: what's the last TV series you watched that you believed ended its run at exactly the right time? So far I can't think of any -- they all get cut short or overstay their welcome -- but Mad Men might qualify, assuming AMC sticks to the 5-season plan.

Channing

10-13-2008, 09:43 AM

You and me both. With the rise of the TV on DVD market, and seemingly instant syndication (newish Heroes on Sci-Fi, Desperate Housewives on Lifetime), there's no financial incentive to create a show that has to last 4-5 seasons anymore. It would be great to see a network greenlight a series that is only designed to last 1 or 2 seasons.

Threadjack potential: what's the last TV series you watched that you believed ended its run at exactly the right time? So far I can't think of any -- they all get cut short or overstay their welcome -- but Mad Men might qualify, assuming AMC sticks to the 5-season plan.

wasnt Damages, on FX, only one season - or was it just canceled? I really enjoyed that show.

Rich

10-13-2008, 02:36 PM

Threadjack potential: what's the last TV series you watched that you believed ended its run at exactly the right time? So far I can't think of any -- they all get cut short or overstay their welcome -- but Mad Men might qualify, assuming AMC sticks to the 5-season plan.

One can debate the last show's ending, but I thought as a whole The Sopranos did a good job of ending at the right time.

brevity

10-13-2008, 03:06 PM

I'm not a watcher of The Sopranos, but I got the feeling that the long delay between seasons and the slow going in early episodes of the final season suggested to some that the show ran 1 season too long. Others might say that they could watch David Chase at work forever.

But if you were to hold a poll, the winning answer would be "It ended a few minutes too short."

Damages is returning for a second season (http://www.projo.com/tv/content/artsun_glenn_close_damages_06-08-08_LOA9O8L_v22.1c9d859.html). Jury's out on whether that show will go on too long, but I suspect it won't. The FX network seems really keen on bringing in new product; they've already announced a second season of Sons of Anarchy, which just started in September, and airing soon is some human guinea pig comedy called Testees (I kid you not). They'll probably keep a stable of 4-6 shows at any time, promoting the new ones as The Shield is in its last season, and Rescue Me and Nip/Tuck are winding down.

Pretty impressive development for the channel once known for Son of the Beach.

jimsumner

10-14-2008, 06:45 PM

"The messages from the future via TV and Radio were a bit of a stretch."

As opposed to the core premise that he gets hit by a car in 2008 and wakes up in 1973? :)

TV execs sure seem to be stuck on time travel these days. I thought the debut was intriguing. But if there wasn't a market for Journeyman, why will there be a market for this?

colchar

10-14-2008, 08:18 PM

As opposed to the core premise that he gets hit by a car in 2008 and wakes up in 1973? :)

But did he wake up in 1973? Or is he dead and this is some sort of purgatory? Or is he in a coma and dreaming? Or...?

You guys aren't nearly far enough along to be making any educated guesses about that yet. I know the answer from the British series and I know that is one of the things they changed for the US version but, even knowing that, I doubt they've tipped their hat as to the true answer yet.

jimsumner

10-14-2008, 09:07 PM

I know, I know. He's not in Manhattan, he's on an island somewhere in the South Pacific. Just you wait. We'll see a polar bear next week. Or evil smoke.

JasonEvans

10-15-2008, 09:21 AM

TV execs sure seem to be stuck on time travel these days. I thought the debut was intriguing. But if there wasn't a market for Journeyman, why will there be a market for this?

Sigh-- I miss Journeyman. That was a really well-plotted show.

-Jason

colchar

10-15-2008, 10:32 AM

Sigh-- I miss Journeyman. That was a really well-plotted show.

-Jason

Haven't you noticed by now that the best shows are usually the ones that get cancelled and the crappy shows are the ones that survive? Truly sad.

elvis14

10-20-2008, 02:37 PM

"The messages from the future via TV and Radio were a bit of a stretch."

As opposed to the core premise that he gets hit by a car in 2008 and wakes up in 1973? :)

LOL, you've got me there Jim. I'm able to suspend belief enough to accept time travel as the result of a collision but I can't buy into voices delivered across time!

Sigh-- I miss Journeyman. That was a really well-plotted show.

I agree Jason, Journeyman was a good show and I was hoping it would continue. It was surely better than "Live on Mars" has been so far.

colchar

10-20-2008, 04:00 PM

LOL, you've got me there Jim. I'm able to suspend belief enough to accept time travel as the result of a collision but I can't buy into voices delivered across time!

But are they delivered across time? Or is he imagining them? Or...?

Since they don't explain exactly what has happened to Sam Tyler, you cannot assume that they are being delivered across time. If they remake the British sequel (Ashes to Ashes) all of this will become more clear as that show helps explain some of the stuff from Life on Mars. You'll all discover that Sam might not be the central character in the whole story after all (he isn't even in the sequel) and that there is something else altogether going on.

I honestly don't see how they could remake this and set it in the US but still use British scripts as an awful lot of what happens simply doesn't transfer well to North American society. Even if they had set the remake in Canada, which is far more British than the US, the majority of what goes on would not have transfered well.

I agree Jason, Journeyman was a good show and I was hoping it would continue. It was surely better than "Live on Mars" has been so far.

As I've said to others, watch the British version rather than the American remake (same goes for Ashes to Ashes if they decide to make an American version).

JasonEvans

10-20-2008, 04:00 PM

Really quick--

This past week's episode of LOM was very poorly plotted, IMO. It feels like every episode is going to be some crime where the old-fashioned cops think that beating the !#^%@^ out of someone is the answer but our hero from the future solves everything by using his brain. Geee, that won't get old really quick, will it?

I particularly enjoyed the epiphany moment where the old lady who watches everything out her window commented that the bad guy arrives at check cashing store with a couple cops in tow every Tuesday and Thursday, implying that this guy has robbed the same store on the same day for weeks but no one knew what was going on. Yeah, right!

Also, Lisa Bonet is attractive and all, but this guy needs to just "do" the naked next door neighbor and put the moves on the very hot Gretchen Mol and forget about 2008. 1973 is gonna be just fine for him.

Oh, and if he has half a brain, he needs to start gambling on sporting events. Think of the odds he could get on Bill Walton scoring 40+ points in the national title game!!

--Jason "even just a casual knowledge of sports would give you dozens of amazing upsets and moments you could make money by betting" Evans

Blue in the Face

10-20-2008, 04:19 PM

wasnt Damages, on FX, only one season - or was it just canceled? I really enjoyed that show.

Neither - it's coming back for another season. (I think it's already been renewed for a 3rd season as well, but not sure).

xenic

10-20-2008, 04:33 PM

A whole bunch of commentary about the show.

How would you know?

colchar

10-20-2008, 04:46 PM

I particularly enjoyed the epiphany moment where the old lady who watches everything out her window commented that the bad guy arrives at check cashing store with a couple cops in tow every Tuesday and Thursday, implying that this guy has robbed the same store on the same day for weeks but no one knew what was going on. Yeah, right!

Also, Lisa Bonet is attractive and all, but this guy needs to just "do" the naked next door neighbor and put the moves on the very hot Gretchen Mol and forget about 2008. 1973 is gonna be just fine for him.

Sounds to me like they've really bastardised this show. After reading what Jason wrote above, I'm even more glad that I don't watch the American version.

colchar

10-20-2008, 04:50 PM

How would you know?

Umm, because I've seen every episode of both Life on Mars and the sequel, Ashes to Ashes, several times.

JasonEvans

10-20-2008, 04:51 PM

Sounds to me like they've really bastardised this show. After reading what Jason wrote above, I'm even more glad that I don't watch the American version.

Aside from Survivor and maybe The Office, is there anything that started as a show in the UK or elsewhere that was made better when it was moved to Hollywood?

--Jason "anyone remember Coupling?" Evans

Blue in the Face

10-20-2008, 07:07 PM

Aside from Survivor and maybe The Office, is there anything that started as a show in the UK or elsewhere that was made better when it was moved to Hollywood?
All in the Family was based on a british show. I've never seen the original, but the american version was certainly pretty good.

FWIW, I'm about halfway through the original Life on Mars, and I don't really find it to be anything special. I like some of the characters, but the plots of most episodes don't seem all that engaging to me. I guess you could say I like the concept better than the execution. Given how popular it is I want to finish it off, but I'm underwhelmed so far. Maybe the us version will be cancelled by the time I'm done, saving me the time of checking that out as well.

2535Miles

10-20-2008, 07:40 PM

2535Miles

10-20-2008, 07:45 PM

Aside from Survivor and maybe The Office, is there anything that started as a show in the UK or elsewhere that was made better when it was moved to Hollywood?

--Jason "anyone remember Coupling?" Evans
Wow, this deserves it's own thread JE. Check out this list of shows...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_TV_shows_remade_for_the_American_m arket

JasonEvans

10-20-2008, 10:37 PM

Wow, this deserves it's own thread JE. Check out this list of shows...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_TV_shows_remade_for_the_American_m arket

Wow, most of those shows are total unknowns or bombs in the US.

The only good ones (not already mentioned and not including obvious reality TV rip-offs) are--

Three's Company
Welcome Back Kotter
Sanford & Son (wow, that show feels so American!)

--Jason "in other words, the list of shows that succeeded here and there is verrry short" Evans

RainingThrees

10-20-2008, 10:55 PM

I liked the English original office better. Most americans don't like it because you have to think about the jokes, its not in your face humor. Don't get me wrong i like both but imo the English version is better.

colchar

10-21-2008, 11:36 AM

--Jason "anyone remember Coupling?" Evans

I loved the British version of Coupling. In fact, I watched a couple of episodes for the umpteenth time earlier this week. Having Sarah Alexander in it certainly helped but the first three seasons of that show were very very good (the fourth season was lousy due, in large part, to one of the main actors leaving for other projects).

snowdenscold

10-21-2008, 01:16 PM

Aside from Survivor and maybe The Office, is there anything that started as a show in the UK or elsewhere that was made better when it was moved to Hollywood?

--Jason "anyone remember Coupling?" Evans

Yikes - after having watched all of the British version of Coupling, I decided just to see what the American version was like once and absolutely hated the first episode. Probably because I knew all the jokes they were doing already so it was just weird hearing them repeated by different people - and having the length shortened from 30 to 22 minutes.

But as an aside - couldn't you make the argument that Coupling is sort of a British take-off of Friends in the first place?

colchar

10-21-2008, 01:22 PM

Yikes - after having watched all of the British version of Coupling, I decided just to see what the American version was like once and absolutely hated the first episode. Probably because I knew all the jokes they were doing already so it was just weird hearing them repeated by different people - and having the length shortened from 30 to 22 minutes.

As I've said about Life on Mars, I doubt a lot of it would transfer over well to North American culture. Plus, they spent an awful lot of time in a bar, which certainly happens in Britain, but not nearly as much over here.

But as an aside - couldn't you make the argument that Coupling is sort of a British take-off of Friends in the first place?

That argument has certainly been made, but it is incorrect. Coupling was actually semi-autobiographical as it detailed many of the events that took place in the relationship between writer Steve Moffat and producer Sue Vertue. Obviously, events would have been embellished for the scripts but the inspiration came directly from their own relationship and not from Friends at all.

killerleft

01-30-2009, 01:58 PM

Anybody catch Life on Mars this week? What was up with the tiny helicopter?

TillyGalore

01-30-2009, 02:04 PM

Anybody catch Life on Mars this week? What was up with the tiny helicopter?

I did watch this week with great anticipation. Was very disappointed. Vaguely remember that in the last episode he was led to some cottage in the woods. It seemed like he would find some answers as to why/how he was in 1973. None of that was addressed in this episode. Only more questions.

The helicopter thing was really REALLY weird.

killerleft

01-30-2009, 02:26 PM

Well, he did find out his dad was a mobster boss of some sort.

TillyGalore

01-30-2009, 02:42 PM

Well, he did find out his dad was a mobster boss of some sort.

That was in the last episode before the other night.

killerleft

01-30-2009, 05:33 PM

Yeah. I don't know where they're going with it this year, but I still enjoyed it.

BlueDevilBaby

03-25-2009, 06:07 PM

EW on CNN says LOM has been cancelled at 17 episodes. Bummer. I liked it.

OZZIE4DUKE

03-25-2009, 08:28 PM

EW on CNN says LOM has been cancelled at 17 episodes. Bummer. I liked it.
I like it too. It's on tonight. How many more episodes do we get before it disappears into 1873?

brevity

03-25-2009, 10:51 PM

I like it too. It's on tonight. How many more episodes do we get before it disappears into 1873?

2, including tonight's episode.

1873? The thought HAD crossed my mind that he'd go back an additional 35 years, into 1938. But the end of the stewardess episode seems to hint at the eventual explanation.

OZZIE4DUKE

03-25-2009, 11:31 PM

2, including tonight's episode.

1873? The thought HAD crossed my mind that he'd go back an additional 35 years, into 1938. But the end of the stewardess episode seems to hint at the eventual explanation.
In regards to 1873, I was just going back another 100 years, before television. Totally in jest.

Midway through tonight's episode. Did Sam do it?

Jarhead

03-26-2009, 12:28 AM

EW on CNN says LOM has been cancelled at 17 episodes. Bummer. I liked it.

I kinda' liked it, but I liked Journeyman whole lot more. Either one, it's a shame that they have been dumped.

TillyGalore

03-26-2009, 09:33 AM

I thought I was the only person on the board that liked this show.

Fell asleep with about 20 minutes left in last night's show. Perhaps will see the end tonight. Thank you God for DVR. :D

I still have a couple of previous episodes to watch.

brevity, I did get to see the stewardess episode, but didn't get the hint you referred to. Can you enlighten me? Thanks!

dball

03-26-2009, 11:50 AM

Wow, most of those shows are total unknowns or bombs in the US.

The only good ones (not already mentioned and not including obvious reality TV rip-offs) are--

Three's Company
Welcome Back Kotter
Sanford & Son (wow, that show feels so American!)

--Jason "in other words, the list of shows that succeeded here and there is verrry short" Evans

Welcome Back Kotter? Wasn't that pretty much Gabe Kaplan's stand up act?

elvis14

03-26-2009, 04:12 PM

EW on CNN says LOM has been cancelled at 17 episodes. Bummer. I liked it.

I figured something like that happened when they advertised the "Series Finale". I'm bummed, I like this show. I also liked Journeyman.

BlueDevilBaby

03-26-2009, 04:27 PM

Welcome Back Kotter? Wasn't that pretty much Gabe Kaplan's stand up act?

and John Travolta as Vinny Barbarino - Yum.

HaveFunExpectToWin

03-27-2009, 12:54 PM

Sad to see this show go. It looks like the British version was only 16 shows long before it ended as planned. Not sure if this one was ever meant to be a long running show.

TillyGalore

03-27-2009, 03:05 PM

Do (British version) or will (American version) Sam and Annie be together forever either in 1973 or 2008/9? Or does Sam return to Maya in the present. Enquiring minds want to know.

OZZIE4DUKE

03-27-2009, 03:22 PM

Do (British version) or will (American version) Sam and Annie be together forever either in 1973 or 2008/9? Or does Sam return to Maya in the present. Enquiring minds want to know.
Stay tuned until next week! Same Bat-channel, same Bat-time! :D

TillyGalore

03-27-2009, 04:16 PM

Stay tuned until next week! Same Bat-channel, same Bat-time! :D

Umm, I think I know the answers. Did some research on the internet as regards the original Life on Mars. Although, there were some differences in previous episodes between the British and American versions. For example (this isn't a spoiler), in this week's episode where Sam thinks he killed someone, in the British version it was actually Gene Hunt who thought he'd killed someone.

Looking forward to LOM on Wednesday.

killerleft

03-27-2009, 05:24 PM

What a bummer. I have really enjoyed the show. Great characters, very unpredictable... at least we get an ending.

brevity

03-30-2009, 03:59 AM

brevity, I did get to see the stewardess episode, but didn't get the hint you referred to. Can you enlighten me? Thanks!

It's open to some interpretation -- a little bit like the bizarre rooftop scene in the most recent (next-to-last) episode.

Earlier in the stewardess episode, Sam tells Annie about an early childhood memory he has about a magazine cover he once saw that depicted a boy on a plane being assisted by a stewardess. At the end of the episode, he sees a copy of that same magazine tossed in a wastebasket in the precinct, and he freaks out when he notices its illustrated stewardess looks just like Annie.

That suggests, at least to me, that the entire 1973 experience has a waking dream quality to it, and is all imagined. Annie's a mental construct that reflects a fond seminal memory. No time travel is taking place; he's in a coma in the present day.

I have my doubts that a rushed finale will pull it all together to our satisfaction, but at least they have the opportunity.

TillyGalore

03-30-2009, 09:43 AM

It's open to some interpretation -- a little bit like the bizarre rooftop scene in the most recent (next-to-last) episode.

Earlier in the stewardess episode, Sam tells Annie about an early childhood memory he has about a magazine cover he once saw that depicted a boy on a plane being assisted by a stewardess. At the end of the episode, he sees a copy of that same magazine tossed in a wastebasket in the precinct, and he freaks out when he notices its illustrated stewardess looks just like Annie.

That suggests, at least to me, that the entire 1973 experience has a waking dream quality to it, and is all imagined. Annie's a mental construct that reflects a fond seminal memory. No time travel is taking place; he's in a coma in the present day.

I have my doubts that a rushed finale will pull it all together to our satisfaction, but at least they have the opportunity.

Thanks, Brevity! That makes sense. I did save that episode in my DVR so will go back and watch.

HaveFunExpectToWin

03-30-2009, 06:32 PM

I watched an episode of Ashes to Ashes I recorded on BBCAmerica last night and it may fill the time travel cop void that's left once LOM is over. It's a nearly identical construct as the original British LOM but it's in the 1981 and detective that has gone back in time is a woman. There's still a Gene Hunt and other characters that are similar to the LOM show.

It looks like they are having a mini marathon this upcoming Sunday.

TillyGalore

03-30-2009, 10:17 PM

killerleft

04-01-2009, 12:11 PM

Tonight's the night! I hope Sam can keep Annie with him wherever he ends up (or he can send her to me).

I'm gonna miss this show. Offbeat, funny, and touching. After LOM, my patience with all the so-much-alike crime shows is wearing thin.

OZZIE4DUKE

04-02-2009, 12:40 AM

Well that was different. At least we know why they called it Life on Mars.F

jimsumner

04-02-2009, 12:52 AM

Argh. I know they didn't have a lot of time to pull this together but c'mon, that's the best they could do?

And what's with the conversations between Mars and Earth. The time lag can run into hours. I knew this when I was in middle school. Do they think we're idiots?

I liked this show and would have been delighted to see it run for years. But this ending suggests they were running out of ideas pretty early in the game.

Oh, well.

killerleft

04-02-2009, 09:47 AM

As usual, my standards for entertainment aren't as discriminating. I thorougly enjoyed the episode. They did have to do a lot of stuff in just one episode...

TillyGalore

04-02-2009, 09:51 AM

I liked it too. So many things became clear after I watched it. I had moments of "oh, that's what they meant!"

Jim, I think they took the ending from the British version of "Life on Mars." The British version was more of a mini-series than an actual American style series.

I DVR'd most of the episodes from January, and can now go back and watch knowing how everything ends and gain more insight into the program. I'm bummed I deleted the episode with Cheyenne Jackson. Watched it over the last week and am still singing "she was the last planet I kissed."